Riv. Mat. Univ. Parma, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2021
Horst Alzer [a]
and
Man Kam Kwong [b]
Inequalities for sine and cosine polynomials
Pages: 301-317
Received: 13 February 2021
Accepted in revised form: 23 March 2021
Mathematics Subject Classification: 26D05, 26D15, 33B10.
Keywords: Sine polynomials, cosine polynomials, inequalities.
Authors address:
[a]: Morsbacher Strasse 10, 51545 Waldbröl, Germany.
[b]: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong.
Full Text (PDF)
Abstract:
In this paper, we prove that, letting \(\lambda\) be a real number,
\((i) \qquad
\lambda \, \sum_{k=1}^n (-1)^k \sin(kx) \leq \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{\sin(kx)}{k}
\)
is valid for all \(n\geq 1\) and \(x\in [0,\pi]\) if and only if \(\lambda \in [0,2]\).
This extends the classical Fejér-Jackson inequality which states that \((i)\) holds for \(\lambda=0\).
An application of \((i)\) reveals if \(a>0\) and \(b\) are real numbers, then
\((ii) \qquad
\frac{41}{96}+ \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{\cos(kx)}{k+1} \geq a \bigl( \cos(x)+b\bigr)^2
\)
holds for all \(n\geq 2\) and \(x\in[0,\pi]\) if and only if \(a\leq 2/75\) and \(b=3/8\).
This refines a result of Koumandos (2001) who proved that the expression on the left-hand
side of \((ii)\) is nonnegative for all \(n\geq 2\) and \(x\in[0,\pi]\).
The cosine polynomial in \((ii)\) was first studied by Rogosinski and Szegö in 1928.
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